Mission Aditya is India's first dedicated solar mission. It was launched on September 2, 2023, aboard the PSLV C57 rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. The mission's primary objective is to study the Sun's atmosphere, including the chromosphere, corona, and solar wind.

The Aditya-L1 spacecraft is named after Aditya, the Hindu god of the Sun. It is about the size of a refrigerator and weighs about 1,500 kilograms. The spacecraft is equipped with seven payloads that will be used to study the Sun's atmosphere.

One of the payloads is a coronagraph, which will be used to image the Sun's corona. The corona is the outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere and is much hotter than the surface of the Sun. The coronagraph will help scientists to study the mechanisms that heat the corona and accelerate the solar wind.

Another payload is a spectrometer, which will be used to study the composition of the Sun's atmosphere. The spectrometer will help scientists to understand how the Sun's atmosphere is created and how it evolves.

The Aditya-L1 spacecraft will be placed in a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth Lagrange point L1. This is a point in space where the gravitational forces of the Sun and Earth are balanced. The spacecraft will be about 1.5 million kilometres from Earth in this orbit.

The Aditya-L1 mission is expected to last for five years. During this time, the spacecraft will collect data that will help scientists to better understand the Sun and its impact on Earth.

The mission is a collaboration between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and various other Indian research institutes.

The Benefits of Mission Aditya

Mission Aditya is expected to provide an improved understanding of the following:

•        The Sun's atmosphere
• The mechanisms that heat the corona and accelerate the solar wind
•        The composition of the Sun's atmosphere
•        How the Sun's atmosphere is created and evolves
•        The impact of the Sun on Earth's climate and space weather
• The mission is also expected to help to develop new technologies that can be used in future space missions.

The Challenges of Mission Aditya

Mission Aditya faces a number of challenges, including:

•       The harsh environment of space
•        The need to operate the spacecraft in a remote location
•        The need to collect and analyse large amounts of data
• Despite these challenges, Mission Aditya is a major undertaking that has the potential to make significant contributions to our understanding of the Sun.

The Future of Mission Aditya

Mission Aditya is expected to continue to collect data for the next five years. After this, the spacecraft will be decommissioned and its orbit will decay.